Research Methodology

Research plays a vital role in advancing knowledge, supporting decision-making, and solving real-world business problems. Research Methodology provides a comprehensive and practical approach to understanding the principles and processes involved in conducting systematic research in the fields of commerce, management, and social sciences. Designed specifically for students and early-stage researchers, this book offers a clear explanation of the fundamentals — from identifying a research problem to preparing the final research report. The textbook is organised into five well-structured units covering business research foundations, research design development, data collection techniques, data analysis tools, and effective report writing. Each topic is presented in simple language with logical sequencing, supporting clarity and ease of learning. Key concepts such as hypothesis formulation, sampling techniques, observation and interviewing methods, coding of data, graphical representation, and statistical analysis — including t-test, chi-square test, ANOVA, and regression — are explained with examples for better understanding. The book also introduces the application of modern software tools such as Excel, SPSS, Python, R, and Tableau in data analysis, preparing learners for contemporary research demands. Review questions at the end of each unit reinforce learning and help in examination preparation. This text serves as an essential reference and academic companion for students, researchers, and educators alike.